A broad expanse of understory ferns unbroken by tree regeneration
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Photographer(s): John M. Pye
Copyright: Public Domain
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Land
Wildland Loss
Soil Quality
Anthropogenic Calcium Depletion and Forest Health
Anthropogenic Cation Depletion
Ca Depletion as a Biologically Unique Threat
Experimental Evidence of Tree Health Impacts
Field Evidence of Influences on Tree Health
Limitations of Current Indicators of Ca Depletion
Critical Loads as an Alternative Approach
Application to New England
Development and Relevance of Future Models
Air & Water
Fire
Post-Fire
Pests/Biota
Exotic
Dispersal
Case Studies
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